Apelin-12 (human, bovine, mouse, rat) CAS NO.229961-08-4

Apelin-12 (human, bovine, mouse, rat) (CAS NO. 229961-08-4) is a synthetic dodecapeptide representing the shorter, active C-terminal fragment of the endogenous Apelin peptide. This "active core" of Apelin (e.g., human sequence: Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro) is a potent endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. It retains the full biolo…

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Item	Specification
Product Name	Apelin-12 (human, bovine, mouse, rat)
CAS NO.	229961-08-4
Appearance	White to off-white lyophilized powder
Molecular Formula	C₆₄H₁₀₃N₂₁O₁₄S
Molecular Weight	1422.72g/mol
Purity (RP-HPLC)	≥ 95.0%
Solubility	Soluble in water (≥5 mg/mL) or 5% acetic acid; soluble in DMSO
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU/mg
Biological Activity	Possesses strong radical-scavenging activity via aromatic/sulfur-containing residues; increases SOD activity, reduces ROS levels, and enhances Y79 retinoblastoma cell viability ; useful for oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme regulation, and cancer cell protection research
Storage Conditions	Store at -20°C ; -80°C for long-term . Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles; store as aliquots in sealed vials, protected from light and moisture
Stock Location	Stock in USA
MOQ	1g

1.MECHANISM OF ACTION

Apelin-12 exerts its effects by binding to and activating the Apelin receptor (APJ, APLNR). Activation triggers diverse G protein signaling pathways depending on the cell type:

Gi/o Protein Coupling (Primary): In endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, APJ activation primarily couples to Gi/o proteins, leading to:
- Vasodilation: Via endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) activation and nitric oxide (NO) production, and inhibition of Angiotensin II effects, opposing the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS).
- Inotropic Action: In the heart, it exerts positive inotropic effects (increases contractility) through a different mechanism, potentially involving Gq coupling.
Gq Protein Coupling (Context-Dependent): In other contexts, APJ can couple to Gq, activating phospholipase C (PLC) and increasing intracellular calcium.
Metabolic Effects: In adipose tissue, it enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. In the hypothalamus, it modulates fluid intake, food intake, and neuroendocrine axes.

2.PRODUCT INDICATIONS

This peptide is a versatile tool for research in multiple fields. Key applications include:

Cardiovascular Research: Studying its role as a potent vasodilator, inotropic agent, and angiogenic factor in models of hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and ischemia.
Metabolism & Diabetes Research: Investigating its effects on insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and adipose tissue function in models of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Neuroscience: Exploring its central roles in regulating thirst, appetite, neuroprotection, and anxiety/depression-like behaviors.
Angiogenesis & Cancer Research: Studying its pro-angiogenic effects in physiological and pathological contexts, including tumor growth.
Drug Discovery: Serving as the reference agonist for screening and developing novel APJ receptor agonists or antagonists for therapeutic applications.

3.CLINICAL EFFICACY OF PRODUCT

While Apelin-12 itself is not an approved drug, its therapeutic potential is highlighted by strong preclinical evidence and emerging human studies:

Cardiovascular Promise: Preclinical studies show that Apelin-12 can lower blood pressure, improve cardiac output in heart failure models, and protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Its ability to oppose the RAS makes it a compelling target. Early-phase human trials with Apelin-13 (a closely related isoform) in heart failure have shown promising hemodynamic effects.
Metabolic Syndrome Target: Its insulin-sensitizing and anti-obesity effects in animal models position it as a potential therapy for metabolic syndrome.
Diagnostic Biomarker: Circulating Apelin levels are altered in conditions like heart failure, obesity, and preeclampsia, making it a biomarker of interest.
Validated Biological Target: Research with Apelin-12 has been crucial in validating the APJ receptor as a significant modulator of cardiovascular and metabolic function, spurring major pharmaceutical interest in developing APJ modulators.

4.DELIVERY & SHIPPING

We specialize in global logistics for various cosmetic peptides. Your order will be handled with the utmost care, ensuring safe, reliable, and intact delivery.
Professional and Secure Packaging
Each bottle of peptide is protected with a special packaging solution to ensure stability and integrity during transportation.
We can also customize packaging according to customer needs.
Shipping Methods
Main Method: International Air Freight

We primarily use DHL, FedEx, UPS, and TNT because of their global reliability, speed, and advanced tracking systems. Air freight ensures the fastest transit time and minimizes the impact of environmental factors on the product.